Laws & Regulations, Cars & Vehicles

Did you know that there's a difference between a road, a lane, and a shoulder? Or between stopping and standing? Or between an intersection and a junction?
In this article, we delve into the world of car terms in Syrian law, providing a detailed explanation of these common terms to ensure a better understanding of traffic rules and safe, responsible driving.
Understanding car terms is essential for anyone driving on the roads, whether they are a professional driver or a beginner. Knowing the precise definitions of these terms helps:
Compliance with traffic rules: Understanding traffic laws correctly depends on understanding the terms used in them.
Accident avoidance: Knowing the difference between terms like "road," "lane," and "shoulder" helps avoid confusion on the roads and prevent accidents.
Effective communication: Understanding car terms helps communicate effectively with other road users, whether they are drivers, passengers, or pedestrians.
Through this article, we aim to:
Provide a comprehensive reference: Our goal is for this article to serve as a comprehensive reference for car terms in Syrian law.
Simplify explanations: We strive to explain these terms in an easy and simplified manner suitable for all levels.
Provide accurate information: Our information is based on Syrian law, and we ensure it is regularly updated.
Now, let's explore the common terms in the world of cars according to Syrian law (Source: Traffic and Vehicle Law in the Syrian Arab Republic).
The implementation of the provisions of the Traffic Law in Syria relies on the following definitions:
1- Vehicle: Any means of transport propelled by mechanical or physical force.
2- Motor Vehicle: Any vehicle propelled by mechanical force.
3- Car: A motor vehicle equipped with an engine designed for the transportation of people or goods or both, or equipped with special-purpose machinery, and is divided into:
a. Small Passenger Car (Touring, SUV, or equivalent): A car designed to transport people or designated from the factory as a passenger car, with no more than eight seats, excluding the driver's seat.
b. Medium Passenger Car (Microbus): A car designed to transport people, with no more than twenty-five seats and no fewer than nine seats, excluding the driver's seat.
c. Large Passenger Car (Bus): A car designed to transport people, with more than twenty-five seats, excluding the driver's seat.
d. Passenger and Cargo Car: A car designed to transport both people and goods.
e. Coach Passenger Bus: A medium or large passenger bus equipped with special technical features determined by a decision of the minister.
f. Transport Vehicle (Large or Small Truck): A car designed to transport goods and animals, with its cargo compartment being either open or closed and can be equipped with a refrigerated compartment or tank compartment.
g. Vehicle for Special Use: A car permanently equipped with special equipment and not used for purposes other than those designed for it, such as ambulances, fire trucks, cars equipped with machinery and equipment for cinematographic and television filming, mobile repair workshops, cranes, cars investigating criminal and traffic accidents, and other cars specified by a decision of the minister.
4- Work Vehicle: A motor vehicle manufactured and designated for use in construction or other types of work.
5- Tractor: A motor vehicle used for towing.
6- Trailer and Semi-Trailer: A wheeled vehicle used for transporting objects or people, equipped with special fittings and one or more axles, designed to be towed by a tractor.
7- Motorcycle: A vehicle with two or more wheels, equipped with a motor, and designed for the transportation of people or goods, without its design resembling that of a car.
8- Regular Bicycle: A vehicle with two or more wheels powered by the rider, and may be equipped with a basket for carrying items weighing no more than 25 kg.
9- Agricultural Vehicle: A motorized agricultural vehicle designed and equipped for use in agricultural work and related activities.
10- Carriage: A wheeled vehicle powered by physical force.
11- Train: A motor vehicle moving on a railroad track pulling one or more trailers.
12- Passenger: Every person present in a vehicle except the driver.
13- Seat: The designated place in a vehicle for one passenger to sit.
14- Driver: Any person operating a motor vehicle.
15- Pedestrian: Anyone using the road, whether walking, driving a vehicle, or with animals.
16- Driving License: An official document issued by the authorized authority allowing the holder to drive one or more categories of motor vehicles.
17- Point System: A system that monitors the behavioral conduct of the driving license holder, tracking the frequency and severity of violations.
18- Electronic Chip: A chip containing information related to the driver or the vehicle.
19- Vehicle License: An official document issued by the authorized authority that proves ownership of the vehicle, specifies its characteristics, and authorizes its operation on the roads under the conditions stated in this law.
20 Vehicle Plate: A special model plate bearing a set of numbers or symbols to indicate the registration of the vehicle.
21- Empty Weight: The weight of the vehicle or a combination of trailers without any load, including the weight of the driver, repair tools, spare tires, fuel, and necessary equipment for operation and use.
22- Gross Weight: The total weight of the empty weight plus the design load.
23- Load: The difference between the gross weight and the empty weight.
24- Black Box (Tachograph): An electronic device with special specifications approved by the ministry that provides necessary information about the vehicle's journey.
25- Dimensional Lights: Lights installed on the exterior sides of the vehicle to determine its dimensions.
26- Dipped Beam Lights: Lights installed at the front of the vehicle that provide the driver with sufficient road visibility.
27- High Beam Lights: Lights installed at the front of the vehicle that enable the driver to illuminate the road at a long distance.
28- Fog Lights: Lights installed at the front of the vehicle that enable the driver to see the road when visibility is insufficient (in fog, heavy rain, or sandstorms).
29- Indicator: A device in the vehicle used to indicate its direction of travel.
30- Brake: A tool used to stop the vehicle or reduce its speed.
31- Road: An open passage for public traffic, including pedestrians, animals, and vehicles, including streets, squares, bridges, or similar structures.
32- Pavement: A section of the road designed for vehicle traffic.
33- Lane: A section of the pavement designated for traffic in one direction.
34- Lane Divider: A section of the lane delineated on the sides, allowing the passage of vehicles in succession.
35- Line: It separates between lanes and can be:
a. Continuous.
b. Discontinuous.
c. Vertical to the road axis (in this case, one must stop until the road is clear or signal changes).
36- Box: The area designated by stop lines at intersections.
37- Bike Lane: A section of the road dedicated to bicycle traffic and separated from it separately.
38- Expressway (Autobahn): A road with specific specifications designated for the passage of motor vehicles only.
39- International Road: A road that connects the Syrian Arab Republic to a neighboring country.
40- Intersection: A place where two roads meet at the same level or where a road meets a railway line, regardless of the angle of intersection of the road axes.
41- Intersection: A place where more than two roads meet at the same level, regardless of the angle of the road axes.
42- Sidewalk: A portion designated for pedestrian traffic along the sides of the road.
43- Road Shoulder: A portion designated for emergency vehicle stopping outside cities, along the sides of the road.
44- Traffic Signs: Any erected columns, boards, traffic lights, stone pillars, or others on the road to regulate traffic, including indicating maximum or minimum speed limits, indicating cities, dimensions, turns, or alerting road users.
45- Automated Surveillance Devices: Devices operated manually or automatically to control traffic or environmental violations according to the provisions of this law.
46- Overtaking: The act of one vehicle passing another in one direction or passing other road users.
47- Stopping: The act of a vehicle halting for a period necessary for travel needs, embarking or disembarking passengers, loading or unloading goods, without turning off the engine, with the driver remaining behind the wheel or near the vehicle.
48- Parking: Remaining stationary in a place for a period exceeding the stopping time, accompanied by turning off the engine.
49- Pedestrians: Individuals who walk on foot, including vehicles designed to transport children, patients, and disabled persons under the pedestrian's jurisdiction.

We emphasize the importance of understanding car terminologies and traffic laws in general. Driving a vehicle is a significant responsibility that requires drivers to know and adhere to road rules to ensure their safety and the safety of others.
We encourage you to periodically review this article to update your knowledge about car terminologies and traffic laws in Syria. Additionally, we advise you to familiarize yourself with the Syrian traffic law to understand all the rights and duties that fall on the driver.
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Car Terms in Syrian Law: A Comprehensive Guide to Safe and Responsible Driving

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